412 research outputs found

    Crude Oil

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    Petroleum crude oil is the main energy source worldwide. However, global fossil fuel resources and reservoirs are rapidly and disturbingly being depleted. Thus, it is particularly important to shed light on new techniques developed for economic production and better utilization of crude oil. In addition, the processes involved in the production, refining, and transportation of crude oil are environmentally hazardous. It is essential to develop cleaner technologies and to find innovative solutions to overcome these problems. Over four sections, this book discusses materials used in cracking crude oil and improving its specifications, methods for reducing or eliminating the hazardous effects of petroleum pollution, and the environmental effects of crude oil, as well as presents case studies from different countries

    Removal of oil and grease from agro-food industrial effluent using Serratia marcescens SA30 and its kinetic study

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    Agro-food industrial effluent (AFIE) may contain high concentration of oil and grease (O&G), which poses a major threat to aquatic environments, killing or adversely affecting fish and other aquatic organisms. Even though biosorption techniques are commonly used to remove inorganic and organic matters from wastewater, the kinetics and mechanisms of O&G removal from AFIE by Serratia marcescens SA30 immobilised in a packed-bed column reactor (PBCR) need to be verified. The aims of this study were to perform characterisation of beneficial strain of biosurfactant-producing bacteria in order to investigate their ability to remove O&G from water, to develop kinetic models for predicting the efficiency of O&G removal from AFIE and to apply modified mass transfer factor models for assessing the mechanisms and mass transfer resistance for the biosorption of O&G from AFIE by Serratia marcescens SA30. The performance of PBCR achieved 91% of efficiency using Serratia marcescens SA30 as oil-degrading bacteria. The best performance of nearly 100% efficiency can be achieved by experiments run at a fixed volumetric flow rate of 0.18 L h-1, even during treatment using two different concentrations of O&G at 26.9 and 33.5 g L-1 to feed the reactor. The results show the applicability of linear and logarithmic equations with high validity. The resistance to mass transfer could be dependent on intracellular accumulation at the beginning and then on film mass transfer at the final stage of O&G biosorption by Serratia marcescens SA30. The well verified experimental data of kinetic models and mass transfer mechanisms give significant contributions to the development of biosorption theory and an insight of using new approaches to improve environmental quality. This study would provide a green and sustainable pathway for removing O&G from water
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